46 No. 78 JUSTICE Conclusion: Toward a Safer Digital Future In an era where artificial intelligence reshapes information landscapes, its intersection with antisemitism demands vigilant policy responses. Online antisemitism, pervasive and multifaceted, ranges from overt threats to subtle disinformation that radicalizes individuals and incites violence. AI amplifies these harms through generative tools producing deepfakes, biased chatbots, and manipulative images such as stereotypical memes or fabricated narratives echoing blood libels that erode trust and fuel real-world incidents, as evidenced by surges post-October 7, 2023. The risks are profound: undetected implicit hate perpetuates stereotypes, while scalability lowers barriers for bad actors, underscoring the need for regulation. The UK’s regulatory framework provides a foundation but includes obvious gaps. The Online Safety Act mandates platforms to mitigate illegal harm like hate speech, with Ofcom enforcing risk assessments and removals, yet it excludes legal disinformation and focuses on dissemination rather than AI creation. The AI regime, evolving from the 2023 pro-innovation white paper’s principles-based approach to the 2025 blueprint’s AI Growth Labs, prioritizes flexibility and sandboxes to boost adoption whilst addressing biases and disinformation through safeguards. However, its light-touch nature lacks prescriptive measures for generative AI, leaving vulnerabilities in traceability and bias audits. To bridge these, recommendations include mandating transparency via watermarks, pre-deployment risk assessments, traceability identifiers, hybrid moderation, and public education, integrated into a standalone AI bill for holistic oversight across sectors. A dedicated AI Authority would ensure consistency without stifling innovation, applying tiered thresholds to high-risk models while fostering ethical use of AI. These changes would combat AI-generated antisemitism by targeting creation and dissemination, reducing harm through prevention and accountability, all while upholding free speech by focusing on unlawful content. The pervasive problem of AI-generated antisemitism is not confined to the UK – and neither are the proposed solutions. It is an international challenge, and many of the legislative approaches proposed here can be adapted to fit regulatory regimes in other countries.n Limor Simhony Philpott is Research and Policy Manager at the Antisemitism Policy Trust. She holds a PhD in War Studies from King’s College, London, and was previously a Research Fellow at the Institute for National Security Studies (INSS).
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