70 No. 77 JUSTICE ighty years after the conclusion of World War II and the full revelation of the atrocities perpetrated against the Jewish People, and 78 years following the establishment of the State of Israel, it is evident that the aspiration embodied in the phrase “Never Again” cannot be presumed to be self-evident. In recent years, the State of Israel has experienced a marked deterioration in international public opinion. Expressions calling for its eradication and destruction have become an integral component of public demonstrations in various regions worldwide. This phenomenon reflects not merely political dissent, but a broader and more troubling resurgence of antisemitic discourse. Antisemitism has not receded into history; rather, it has re-emerged in overt and increasingly aggressive forms, characterized both by inflammatory rhetoric and by tangible acts of hostility. The proliferation of contemporary communication channels has amplified this trend. Unlike in previous eras, the dissemination of ideas is no longer confined to institutional media. Social media platforms provide unrestricted access for individuals to express their views, where hatred and incitement often function as a binding force, attracting wider audiences and reinforcing cycles of extremism. Against the backdrop of the growing temporal distance from the Holocaust and the evolving realities of the present day, fundamental questions arise: whether the preservation of Holocaust memory remains necessary, and if so, by what means it should be undertaken. Are the commemorative events observed on International Holocaust Remembrance Day and Israel’s Holocaust Remembrance Day sufficient, or is there a need to develop additional and more sustained mechanisms of remembrance and education? The resurgence of antisemitism, coupled with explicit calls for the destruction of the State of Israel, necessarily leads to the conclusion that the preservation of Holocaust remembrance must be addressed in a continuous, systematic, and intensive manner. Historical experience demonstrates the consequences of collective amnesia. Approximately three decades after the Holocaust, the international community failed to prevent — and effectively enabled — the occurrence of genocide in Cambodia, followed by further instances of mass atrocity. These events underscore the necessity of deepening engagement with the lessons of the Holocaust. The events of October 7, 2023, further illustrate that expressions of hatred, when left unchecked, may ultimately be manifested in acts of extreme violence. This reinforces the imperative of vigilance and education in combating incitement and preventing its escalation. From an academic perspective, the events of World War II, and the Holocaust in particular, constitute a foundational framework for interdisciplinary study. They inform diverse fields including history, law, psychology, economics, and political science. In the legal domain, the development of public international law is inextricably linked to the precedents established by the Nuremberg Trials. Moreover, the legal ramifications of the Holocaust continue to resonate, particularly in relation to property restitution, reparations, and the evolution of international legal norms. Issues such as refugee status, migration, and international economic activity can likewise be examined through the lens of World War II, providing valuable insights across academic disciplines. The integration of Holocaust studies with broader fields of inquiry enables a more comprehensive approach to scholarship, combining historical analysis with forward-looking normative frameworks. This interdisciplinary approach is reflected in the present issue of JUSTICE, which situates Holocaust-related discourse within the broader context of legal scholarship. The issue includes contributions addressing refugee and migration law, interfaith perspectives on Holocaust memory, legislative frameworks for the restitution of property expropriated by the Nazi regime, and related topics. Such integration also informs legal education. Courses addressing law and the Holocaust in faculties of law encompass a wide range of subjects, including the foundations of international law, comparative analyses of institutional incitement and digital incitement in the context of antisemitism and hostility toward Israel, legislative measures Epilogue: Law and Holocaust Rachel Levitan E
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