54 No. 73 JUSTICE proceedings; appointing a public defender to represent the accused in their absence; allowing the option to request a new trial for a justified reason after conviction; and the possibility of filing an appeal for review against the final judgment. It is worth mentioning that in 2024, the Federal Criminal Cassation Court also adopted the definition of “antisemitism” approved by the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA): “Antisemitism is a certain perception of Jews that can be expressed as hatred of Jews. Physical and rhetorical manifestations of antisemitism are directed at Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and/or their property, at Jewish community institutions, and at their places of worship.”16 In addition, on May 7, 2024, the president of the Federal Criminal Cassation Court organized a training session entitled “Freedom of Expression and Guarantee of NonDiscrimination,” which was carried out by the highest criminal court of the Argentine Republic in collaboration with the Association of Jewish Lawyers of the Argentine Republic (Asociación de Abogados Judíos de la República Argentina, AAJRA). The meeting was supported by the Delegation of Argentine Israeli Associations (Delegación de Asociaciones Israelitas Argentinas, DAIA) and the Simon Wiesenthal Center. More than 200 people participated in the meeting, including judges, leaders from various organizations, judicial officials, renowned lawyers, as well as members of the public not associated with the legal world. It was no coincidence that the event took place in the AMIA Hall. This was where the trials related to the bombing occurred, which also constituted the first atypical oral and public trials in Argentina. Previously, there was no structure in the Judiciary for these types of hearings, so the room was specially adapted for such purposes. Finally, 30 years after the AMIA bombing, the Federal Criminal Cassation Court published a compilation providing legal guidance on the matter.17 The materials were distributed to all branches of the Judiciary as well as to various media outlets. The goal was to widely disseminate the ruling’s conclusions and ensure that the shared experiences and knowledge contribute to the promotion of freedom of expression and a strengthening of our capacity to combat discrimination. n Mariano Hernán Borinsky: Lawyer, Specialist in Criminal Law (University of Buenos Aires), Doctor in Criminal Law (University of Buenos Aires), and Post-Doctoral in Criminal Law (University of Buenos Aires). Specialist in Tax Law (Argentine Center for Studies in Tax Criminal Law). Judge of the Federal Criminal Cassation Court (2011 to present). President of the Federal Criminal Cassation Court (2014, 2023 and 2024). Hernán Najenson: Lawyer (University of Buenos Aires); President of the Association of Jewish Lawyers of the Argentine Republic; IJL Board member; Undersecretary of Records and Alternative Conflict Resolution Methods of the City of Buenos Aires; Adjunct Professor of Human Rights and Constitutional Law (CBC and ISSP). Laura Fabiana Kvitko: Lawyer (University of Belgrano). Specialist in Criminal Law (University of Belgrano), Specialization in Public Prosecutor's Office (University of Buenos Aires). Secretary of the Federal Criminal Cassation Court (2017 to present). Nicole Zoe Amquie: Deputy Secretary of the Federal Criminal Cassation Court. Lawyer (University of Buenos Aires). Master's student (Torcuato Di Tella University). 16. Resolution No. 129/94 dated April 12, 2024, from the Superintendency of the Federal Criminal Cassation Court. Resolutions of the Superintendency of the Federal Criminal Cassation Court are not available in a public register, so a link is not provided. 17. See https://old.pjn.gov.ar/02_Central/ViewDoc. Asp?Doc=178051&CI=INDEX100
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