16 No. 57 JUSTICE Conclusion Those who deny the Holocaust deny history, reality, and suffering. Holocaust denial might create a climate of xenophobia that builds a sense of possible acceptability of hate and resentment of the "other," that might be more costly than the cost of curtailing speech.35 At best, they show a strong form of ignorance. At worse, they intend to express bigotry and hate.36 Facebook and other web-hosting and IPSs should reconsider their position on Holocaust denial, as it often does violate their own general terms of service. Don’t keep silent in the face of hate. We learned that silence is conducive to the spread of hatred and bigotry, and that incitement might lead to harmful action. There is a direct link between inciting hate speech and conducting hate crimes. Hate messages deserve our full attention. They should be condemned and delegitimized before they create ripe circumstances for murdering the targets of hate. n Raphael Cohen-Almagor holds a DPhil in political theory from Oxford University (1991). He is an educator, researcher, human rights and peace activist as well as Professor and Chair in Politics, University of Hull, where he directs a think-tank on Middle Eastern affairs. His most recent books are Confronting the Internet's Dark Side (2015) and ed. with Ori Arbel-Ganz and Asa Kasher, Public Responsibility in Israel (2012, Hebrew). 35. Raphael Cohen-Almagor, Holocaust Denial Is A Form of Hate Speech and id., Countering Hate on the Internet – A Rejoinder, 2 AMSTERDAM LAW FORUM 125-132 (2010). See also Brian Cuban, Facebook At Odds With Obama On Holocaust Denial, THE CUBAN REVOLUTION, available at www. briancuban.com/facebook-at-odds-with-obama-onholocaust-denial/ (last visited Oct. 19, 2015); Ian Paul, Facebook Boots Holocaust Denial Groups, PC WORLD (May 12, 2009), available at www.pcworld.com/ article/164765/facebook_boots_holocaust_denial_groups. html (last visited Oct. 19, 2015); Chris Matyszczyk, Facebook: Holocaust denial repulsive and ignorant, CNET (May 6, 2009), available at news.cnet.com/8301-17852_310234760-71.html (last visited Oct. 19, 2015). 36. Some examples are vho.org/aaargh/engl/engl.html (last visited Oct. 19, 2015), www.adelaideinstitute.org/ (last visited Oct. 19, 2015), www.toben.biz/ (last visited Oct. 19, 2015), and holywar.org (last visited Oct. 19, 2015).
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